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Types of Facades
Today we will talk about the different types of facades. You can believe at first that the primary function of the facades is purely aesthetic, but that should not be taken less seriously, but there are certain aspects to be considered as its impermeability (the ability to support the Water) thermal insulation to the inside and soundproofing.
Among the various types of facades can be found there:
Heavy facades: the facades are traditional brick, plates, stone or wood.
Curtain walling: This type of facade can be said to “hang” of the building. They are light and have no relation with the stability of the structure. They are the best thermal insulation and also have good sound insulation capability. For this reason, chances are costly because they involve a greater investment in extra heating or air conditioning.
Among its benefits highlights the fact that they have little weight and allow light to pass easily. On the other hand are easy to mount on high-rise buildings.
In the first classification “Curtain walling” are also transverses and precast facades.
The transverses are similar to curtain walls are stone or ceramic plates are used mainly in institutional buildings because they offer a higher quality finish.
The facades are composed of prefabricated wall modules, developed in workshops so as to reach the play you just have to assemble them. They may even get to start prefabricated facades with windows and doors installed. Concrete and wood are commonly found on such facades.
Washing Machines and Its Long History
People must have been excited out of their minds when an American inventor named James King advanced the task of washing clothes from the washboard to a hand-cranked contraption that resembled a machine in 1851.
By 1880, more than 4,000 washing devices had been patented. There were washing “machine” models that rubbed clothes together, or pummeled them up and down, or stomped on them, or dragged them through the water, or slammed them against the walls of the wooden tubs of the day. All powered by hand except one 12-shirt model that was run by 10 donkeys for a California gold miner who may have introduced the first “laundromat.”
An 1874 washing “machine” by corn planter manufacturer William Blackstone of Bluffton, Indiana had been inspired by his decision to build a birthday gift for his wife. Inside the wooden tub was a flat piece of wood with six wooden pegs, all together looking like a small milking stool. If you cranked a handle you could move a series of gears and the result would be that the clothes were caught on the pegs and swished around in the water.
Mr. Blackstone was also a merchant so be built some more washing “machines” and started selling them for $2.50 each. His company exists to this day.
Pretty soon came the competition, spawning hundreds of washing machine companies spewing out all manner of contraptions and inching up prices to around $10.00 apiece.
In 1861 came the wringer, an exciting new feature that did away with having to work so hard at squeezing the water out of the clothes.
The next big leap came when wooden tubs were replaced by metal tubs in about 1900. After that came washing machines that included drive belts, and this made it possible to add steam or gasoline engines. So now we were on our way from manual to automatic.
The first electric-powered washing machine was invented by Alva J. Fisher and unveiled in 1908 by the Hurley Machine Company of Chicago, Illinois. This launched the new era of electric washing machines. Some 1920s models included coal-fired heating from a fire grate beneath the washing drum. Oh, and any model with an electric motor under the metal tub was pretty sure to get wet and shock the user.
All during this period the great American washing machine companies of today were coming to life. Maytag by F.L. Maytag in 1893. Whirlpool in 1911. Bendix in the mid 1930s.
And in 1937, free at last. Look Ma, no hands. A subsidiary of Bendix Aviation ended the hassles of shoveling coal, messing with gasoline, cranking clothes wringers, being electrically shocked and all the rest, once and for all. They brought us the first automatic washing machine. John W. Chamberlain invented the device that washed, rinsed and extracted water from clothes all by itself. This machine was a sensation, even though the vibration was so extreme that it had to be bolted to the floor.
By 1953, spin-dry washing machines were outselling the wringer models, and the electric automatic washing machine entered the evolutionary path of those evermore convenient bells and whistles that make our lives so much easier today.